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Methodology

How we make a number defensible.

This page exists so you can check our work before you hire us. Every figure NETAXIS produces carries five things with it — and we will show you all five for any line in your inventory.

This applies to every engagement, whether you take advisory, the platform, or carbon market facilitation — separately or together.

The evidence chain

Five things travel with every figure. An auditor will ask for each one.

  1. Activity data

    What was consumed or produced, in what unit, over what period, and from which source system it was read.

    Why an auditor asks

    An auditor needs to know the quantity is a measurement with a defined period and unit, not a recollection.

  2. Emission factor

    Which factor was applied, which publisher issued it, which edition, which geography, and whether it is process-only or cradle-to-gate.

    Why an auditor asks

    Two factors with the same name can differ in scope. The edition and boundary decide whether the result is comparable.

  3. Methodology

    Which standard the calculation follows, and which tier or calculation approach within that standard was used.

    Why an auditor asks

    A verifier checks the method before the arithmetic — an unstated approach cannot be reproduced.

  4. GWP version

    Explicitly AR4, AR5, or AR6, recorded on the figure itself rather than assumed at report level.

    Why an auditor asks

    Mixing GWP versions silently changes the answer for every non-CO2 gas in the inventory.

  5. Source evidence

    The invoice, meter reading, logsheet, or certificate the activity data was taken from, attached to the line it supports.

    Why an auditor asks

    Assurance is a sampling exercise. If the document cannot be produced, the line is dropped.

Break any one of these and the number stops being evidence and becomes an estimate. We do not let that happen silently.

What we refuse to do

These are standing commitments about how we work — not claims about outcomes.

  • We do not mix boundaries. Process-only and cradle-to-gate factors never sit in the same category without an explicit boundary label.
  • We do not let AI invent activity data. Our platform's AI assists with classification and factor matching; it does not estimate quantities that then flow into a reported figure.
  • We do not use an unverified emission factor in a calculation. Newly added factors are quarantined until a human has checked them against the source document.
  • We do not mislabel GWP versions. If a factor carries AR4 values it is labelled AR4 — even when AR5 would look more current.
  • We do not restate a base year silently. Every restatement is versioned, dated, and explained.

Standards we work to

We align our calculations and documentation with these frameworks. Alignment is not certification — assurance decisions rest with independent third parties.

GHG Protocol
Greenhouse Gas Protocol
Accounting

The global standard for measuring and managing greenhouse-gas emissions.

ISO 14064
ISO 14064
Accounting

International standard for quantifying, monitoring, and reporting greenhouse-gas emissions and removals.

SBTi
Science Based Targets initiative
Target

Targets aligned with the latest climate science to meet net-zero goals.

Verra
Verified Carbon Standard (VCS)
Credit

Leading global standard for the certification of carbon credits.

Gold Standard
Gold Standard for the Global Goals
Credit

High-integrity carbon credits that also deliver sustainable development impact.

PCAF
Partnership for Carbon Accounting Financials
Accounting

Harmonised method for measuring and disclosing the emissions financed by loans and investments.

IFRS S1/S2
ISSB sustainability & climate disclosure standards
Accounting

ISSB baseline for sustainability (S1) and climate-related (S2) financial disclosure.

Emission factor sources

We draw on published factor sets and select per calculation based on geography, boundary, and edition.

IPCC

Default factors and GWP values from the Assessment Reports and national inventory guidelines.

DEFRA

UK government conversion factors, widely used for cross-border corporate reporting.

US EPA

US emission factor sets for stationary combustion, mobile sources, and waste.

IEA

Country-level grid electricity factors used where a national factor is unavailable.

ecoinvent

Life-cycle inventory data used for cradle-to-gate boundaries where licensed.

Indonesian national factors

Nationally published factors, including grid emission factors, where available.

Some factor libraries are commercially licensed. Where a licence restricts redistribution, factor values are used inside calculations but are not exported in raw form — the calculation trace still shows which factor was applied.

This page describes our method, not a guarantee of a specific outcome. Assurance and certification decisions rest with independent third parties.

Next step

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